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Due to the demands of modern agriculture and industry, global energy consumption has increased exponentially at an exponential rate in the past decades. Electrocatalytic and photocatalytic based energy conversion technologies have been extensively studied as never before, and they have great potential to alleviate energy shortage, solve environmental pollution, and provide a guarantee for driving sustainable social development. Although electrocatalytic and photocatalytic technologies have been extensively researched and achieved some results in recent years, they still have some drawbacks. Porphyrin-based skeletal materials have rich metal active sites, adjustable crystal structure, high specific surface area, etc. Porphyrin-based skeletal materials combine the advantages of homogeneous and multiphase catalysts, overcoming the shortcomings of traditional electrocatalysis and photocatalysis technologies, and have broad application prospects in the field of electrocatalysis and photocatalysis.

In this paper, Pang Huan's group & Yusuke Yamauchi's group briefly introduce the types of porphyrin structural blocks. They can be used as linkers for framework structures or can be directly assembled with skeleton materials to form high-performance catalysts. The latest research progress of porphyrin-based framework material catalysts for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications is summarized and presented.

(1) The authors first give a brief introduction to metal-organic frameworks (porous coordination polymers), covalent organic frameworks, porphyrins, metalloporphyrins, and porphyrin-based framework materials.

(2) The authors then summarize and discuss the recent advances in porphyrin-based framework materials for electrocatalytic and photocatalytic applications. The porphyrin-based framework materials are mainly summarized and introduced as primitive porphyrin-based organic frameworks, porphyrin-based organic framework complexes, porphyrin-based organic framework derivatives, and primitive porphyrin-based covalent organic framework porphyrin-based covalent organic framework complexes. Electrocatalysis mainly summarizes the electrocatalytic water decomposition, electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction, electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions. Photocatalysis mainly summarizes the photocatalytic water decomposition and photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction.

(3) The authors finally present the key difficulties and challenges still faced by porphyrin-based skeletal materials in electrocatalysis and photocatalysis, and give theoretically feasible solutions for each of them, and also present the future development opportunities of porphyrin-based skeletal materials, and are highly expectant of the flourishing development of porphyrin-based skeletal materials in the future.

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